Senin, 12 Januari 2015

Materi makalah Derivations



Report Card



Group 1  Evaluation

Score
Criteria





Individual Evaluation

Name
Score
Criteria
1. Zul Mujibul Haiyul


2. Dhya Syahria Islami


3. Kasmira


4. Anita Puspita


5. Rasbiah






Groub Elevator:



Contents List

CHAPTER I
            Introduction
           
CHAPTER II
A.    Definition Derivation
B.     Various Derivation

CHAPTER III
            Conclusion
            Bibliography
CHAPTER I
Introduction
            This material is very important to understand because in conversation or in writing, we are faced with the rules of standard English. Let us remember the lessons of earlier, for example, we will compare one object with another object. And we know very well, if we want to do that, which can be made in the level of the comparison is only an adjective or adverb. Well, at that time, we are dealing with nouns, such as "beauty". This word can not we make the comparison rate. So that the word can we make the comparison level, then the word "beauty" should we change it in the form of the adjective. Well to form a noun into an adjective that is, we need to learn Derivation.


CHAPTER II

A. Definition Derivation
1. Derivation is a process of word formation through the addition affix, which can be a prefix    or suffix. The resulting new word will have a different meaning of the word essentially.
2. Derivatives are derivatives derived from other words or from the base / base verb / properties and the like. Particle added called affixes. Particle is added at the beginning of a word is called a prefix, in the middle is called infix, and at the end is called a suffix.
a.       Prefix
The addition of the prefix change the meaning of the word, but it does not change the type of word.
  a-:asleep
  dis-: dismiss
  in-: insufficient, incorrect
  out-: outdoor, outgoing
  post-: postpone
  re: rewrite
  Prefix verb form: en-: enlarge
b. Suffix
Suffix can be used to form nouns, employment, information, and nature. Suffix will change the type of word origin.
           
1. noun-forming (which form the noun endings)
 ary: secretary
-ance: importance
-dom: kingdom
-ee: employee, trainee
-er, -ar, -or: teacher, wild, tailor
-hood: manhood, childhood
-ic, -ics: logic, physics
-ism: racism
-ist: artist
ion: relations, religion
-ment: Enjoyment
-ness: coldness, happiness
-ship: friendship
-ty: activity

2. Verb-forming (Suffix forming verbs)
-ate: graduate
-en: lengthen, widen
-fy: terrify

3. Adjective-forming (Suffix forming adjectives)
-able, -ible: reasonable, edible
-ant, -ent: distant, present
-al: mortal, partial
-Full: beautifull
-ic: economic, bionic
-ior: superior
-ish: Childish
-ive: creative
-ly: friendly
-less: childless, helpless
-like: childlike

4. adverb-forming (suffixes that form adverbs)
-ly: badly, beautifully
-ward, -wards: backward, backwards
-wise: likewise






B. Various Derivation
1. Adjective Derivation
    Example adjective derivation can be seen in the following table.
No.
Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
Example Adjective Derivation
1
-able, -ble
changeable, credible, readable, questionable, teachable
2
-al, -ial, -ical
aboriginal, disfunctional, periodical, procedural, territorial
3
-ant, -ent, -ient
convenient, different, exultant, ignorant, important
4
-ar, -ary
singular, spectacular, unitary
5
-ate
fortunate, intimate, latinate, passionate, separate
6
-ed
bearded, bored, coordinated, melted, monied
7
-en
Silken
8
-ful
beautiful, delightful, hopeful, hurtful, playful, useful
9
-ic
empiric, energetic, generic, periodic, romantic
10
-ile
fragile, projectile, volatile
11
-ing
absorbing, blushing, charming, interesting, sparkling
12
-ish
boyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish
13
-istic
characteristic, communistic, impressionistic, meterialistic, pessimistic
14
-ive, -ative, -itive
abusive, cooperative, festive, initiative, instinctive, sensitive, talkative
 15
-less
careless, hopeless, motiveless, priceless, tasteless, useless
16
-like
childlike, ladylike, lifelike
17
-ly
friendly, kindly, lively, lovely, neighborly, womanly
18
-ous, -eous, -ose, -ious
adventurous, gaseous, mysterious, momentous, religious
19
-ward
backward, heavenward
20
-wide
communitywide, worldwide
21
-y
brainy, dreamy, juicy, rumbly, shaky, windy

Examples Active adjective derivation of the word (adjective):
• Activate (Verb), by adding the suffix -> -ate
• Activation (Noun), by adding the suffix -> -ation
• Actively (adverb), by adding the suffix -> -ly
2. Noun Derivation
Derivation noun is a noun formed from the process of the formation of a derivative in which the noun word formation results will have a different meaning of the word essentially.
No.
Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
Example Noun Derivation
1
-acy, -cy
conspiracy, intimacy, supremacy
2
-age
courage, marriage, tonnage
3
-al
disposal, emotional, refferal
4
-an, -ian
electrician, guardian, technician
5
-ance, -ence
clearance, independance, tolerance
6
-ancy, -ency
brilliancy, consistency, expectancy
7
-ant, -ent
astringent, constant, pleasant
8
-ary
revolutionary, visionary
9
-ate
nitrate, delegate, magistrate
10
-ation, -tion
imagination, supremation, specialization
11
-dom
freedom, kingdom, officialdom
12
-er, -or
painter, sailor, worker
13
-(e)ry
bakery, fishery, trickery
14
-ess
goddess, lioness, waitress
15
-ful
mouthful, spoonful
16
-hood
brotherhood, childhood, likelihood
17
-ia
anemia, reptilia, romania
18
-iatry
psychiatry, podiatry
19
-ics, -c
economics, mathematics, politics
20
-ice
malice, notice
21
-ing
building, reading, running
22
-ion
abduction, demonstration, description
23
-ism
despotism, intellectualism, realism
24
-ist
novelist, realist, socialist
25
-ite
dynamite, sulfite, vulcanite
26
-ity, -ty
purity, royalty, thirty
27
-ive
destructive, passive, sportive
28
-ment
apartment, development, development
29
-ness
carelessness, happiness, inclusiveness
30
-ory
excretory, sensory, territory
31
-ship
fellowship, friendship, relationship
31
-t
Weight
33
-th
depth, length, strength
34
-ure
departure, exposure, pressure
35
-y
carpentry, infamy, society

3. Derivation Adverb
Adverb adverb derivation is formed from the process of the formation of a derivative in which the adverb word formation results will have a different meaning of the word essentially.
No.
Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
Example Adverb Derivation
1
a-
along, aside, away
2
-ever
whenever, wherever
3
-fold
Threefold
4
-ily
explanatorily, fairily, happily
5
-ly
clearly, tightly, validly
6
-place
someplace, everyplace
7
-ward
backwards, frontwards, shorewards
8
-where
anywhere, somewhere
9
-wise
clockwise, likewise, profitwise

4. Verb Derivation
Verb derivation is the verb form of the word formation process in which the derivative of the verb result form will have a different meaning of the word essentially.
No.
Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
Example Verb Derivation
1
-ate
activate, communicate, validate
2
-ed
studied, talked, walked
3
-en
blacked, heighten, widen
4
-er
flicker, shiver
5
-ify
beautify, justivy, intensivy
6
-ize
centralize, criticize, sympathize
7
en-
enclose, endanger, enlarge
8
be-
befriend, behappy
            
Examples Inform verb derivation of the word (verb):
• Information (Noun), by adding the suffix -> -ation
• Informative (Adjective), by adding the suffix -> -ative
• informatively (adverb), by adding the suffix -> -ative and –ly
CHAPTER III

Conclusion:

Bibliography

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